SUMARY

Geochemical Hazards in Việt Nam coattal zone: Status, endency and mitigation solutions

Trần Đăng Quy, Nguyễn Tài Tuệ, Lương Lê Huy, Trịnh Nguyên Tính

Lê Anh Thắng, Đào Mạnh Tiến,Vũ Trường Sơn, Mai Trọng Nhuận

Protection of marine environments and ecosystems contribute a significant impacts to sustainable development goals of Việt Nam. Geochemical hazards in Việt Nam coastal zone could be classified into four types, consisting of increasing of concentrations of oil, heavy metals, persistent organic pollutions (POPs), and and salinity intrusion in coastal areas. Concentration of oils has exceeded the threshold of National technical regulation on marine water quality (QCVN 10:2015/BTNMT) in some areas, particularly in highly dense of human activities areas such as Hạ Long Bay, cửa Lục, Vũng Tàu and Phú Quốc. Concentration of heavy metals tends to be higher in nearshore zone than that in offshore zone, particularly, in large estuaries, bays and coastal lagoons. POPs highly concentrated in marine sediments from Nothern coaslal areas, lagoons and Mekong river delta. Salinity intrusion into surface water is mainly observed in esruarics due to decreasing of water discharge from rivers, typical for rivers in Central areas and Mekong Delta. Groundwater salinity intrusion seriously degraded water quality in South Central Coast, leading to soil salinisation processes. Additionlly, sea-level rise also enhances the soil salinization due to cause the flooding in the coastal areas. Distribution, magnitude and tendency of marine geochemical hazards have all increased due lo land-based pollution, marine mineral explorations, marine transports in Việt Nam East Sea. The environmental management, waste control, inspective activities and monitoring environment should be implemented to effectively mitigate the marine geochemical hazards in Việt Nam.

Người biên tập: TS. Vũ Lê Tú.