Abstract: The Paleozoic fossil plants were discovered
around the time from Early Devonian (possibly latest Silurian) to Late Permian
in many parts such as Indochina (Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Thailand) Southeast
Asia (Malaysia, Indonesia) and South China. The first Early Devonian
terrestrial plant Zosterophyllum genus and other were found in Indochina and
also in Sino-Vietnam composite terrane (i.e including the NorthVietnam, Yangtze
and Cathaysian terranes of South China Block which is separated from the
Indochina terrane by Song Ma suture zone to the southwest). This implies that
the suturing of Song Ma suture possibly has occurred before Early Devonian.
During the Middle and Late Devonian, plants evolved to a higher level by the
presence of Lycophyta representatives (Lepidodendropsis, Lepidodendron, Bergeria-Knorria). In the beginning of late Early
Carboniferous, Paleozoic flora sharing Euramerican elements of Lepidodendropsis
flora such as: Lepidodendropsis, Rhacopteris, Triphyllopteris and Lepidodendron
sp. was widely distributed in Laos, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia and South
China (Yunnan, Guangdong, Guangxi). The coal-forming vegetation making -up
thick coal seams shows that during Early Carboniferous, the plant has
prosperously developed in the tropical hot and humid condition. Subsequently
during Late Permian time, the Early Carboniferous assemblages became an
independent Cathaysia flora (containing typical Gigantopteris nicotinaefolia
and the Gondwana flora elements: Glossopteris, Gangamopteris, Palaeovittaria)
were widespread in South China and Southeast Asia.
Key words: Plant fossils,
Terrestrial plant, Gondwana, Cathaysia flora, Hon Gai flora
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